Armagh, the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland where 5,000 years of history unfold across its mythic landscapes. Twin-spired cathedrals honouring Saint Patrick stand in majestic contrast to Navan Fort, an ancient Celtic ceremonial site, as this compact city seamlessly blends Christian tradition with pagan heritage. Elegant Georgian streets showcase historical gems like the Armagh Robinson Library and the restored Armagh Gaol, where visitors wander through centuries of captivating stories.
Beyond its rich heritage, Armagh delights with its vibrant cultural scene and warm hospitality. Known as "orchard county," the rolling countryside produces Ireland's finest apples, celebrated during the annual Food and Cider Festival. Whether gazing at distant galaxies in the Planetarium, enjoying traditional music in cozy pubs, or discovering hidden gems in the Palace Demesne Public Park, Armagh is sure to be a great experience just 40 minutes from Belfast.
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Things to See and Do
Navan Centre and Fort Historical Site
Journey back to the Iron Age at Navan Fort, a legendary site steeped in Irish mythology. Once the stronghold of the Red Branch Knights and the hero Cuchulainn, it's dedicated to Macha, the goddess of war and fertility. Explore this ancient ceremonial site – Ulster's most significant archaeological wonder – and uncover its secrets. Step into the past at the interconnected Navan Centre and Fort. Here you can find interactive exhibitions and presentations, and uncover the mysteries of this ancient hill fort and the lives of the early Celts.
Slieve Gullion Forest Park
Embark on a scenic drive or invigorating hike through Slieve Gullion Forest Park. Reach the summit of County Armagh's highest peak for breathtaking panoramic views of the Ring of Gullion, Mourne Mountains, and Cooley Peninsula. Discover hidden trails, Bronze Age cairns, and diverse flora and fauna.
St. Patrick's Cathedrals
Explore Armagh's unique spiritual heritage with visits to *two* iconic St. Patrick's Cathedrals – one Catholic and one Church of Ireland. Marvel at their contrasting architectural styles, from medieval and Gothic Revival to twin-spired grandeur, and uncover the history embedded within their walls. One boasts a medieval crypt, and the other, stunning views from its hilltop location.
Armagh Observatory and Planetarium
Delve into the history of astronomical research at the Armagh Observatory (established in 1790) and explore interactive exhibits at the planetarium (added in 1968).
Lurgan Park and Brownlow House
Discover the beauty of Lurgan Park, a sprawling green space surrounding a picturesque man-made lake, perfect for leisurely strolls and boating. Admire Brownlow House, a magnificent Elizabethan-style mansion (built in 1836) that served as military headquarters during World War I.
Slieve Gullion Mountain Hike
Ascend Slieve Gullion Mountain, a prominent peak with two Bronze Age cairns at its summit. Choose your path from the north or south side and enjoy breathtaking views of the surrounding foothills.
Armagh Food and Cider Festival
Indulge in Armagh's rich culinary scene at the annual Food and Cider Festival (held each September). Experience a vibrant celebration of local produce, featuring cider tastings, discovery dinners, day retreats, and even literary events.
Stroll through The Mall Park
Enjoy a leisurely walk through The Mall, a charming tree-lined park in the heart of Armagh, surrounded by elegant Georgian architecture. Observe occasional cricket matches and discover the poignant war memorial at one end of this urban oasis.
Hidden Gargoyles and Fantastical Creatures Tour
Embark on a whimsical quest throughout Armagh city to discover 22 intricately crafted gargoyles, angels, and mythical creatures. These hidden sculptures, created by Holger Christian Lönze, pay homage to the city's spiritual heritage and are tucked away in delightfully unexpected places.
Exploring the Ring of Gullion
Discover the unique geological landform and rich archaeological history of the Ring of Gullion, a stunning natural area surrounding the heather-covered Slieve Gullion mountain.
Armagh Robinson Library
Step back in time at the Armagh Robinson Library, a treasure trove of over 42,000 printed works, including a rare first edition of Jonathan Swift's *Gulliver's Travels*. Explore the rich literary and cultural heritage of Armagh through its extensive archives. The library is also known as Armagh Public Library.
Palace Demesne Public Park
Wander through the sprawling 300-acre Palace Demesne, a lush oasis offering a variety of walking trails, a Play Park, a Green Gym, and the sensory-rich Garden of the Senses. This beloved green space, within walking distance of the city centre, has captivated visitors for over two centuries.
Gosford Castle
Explore Gosford Castle, one of Ireland's largest castles and a filming location for the iconic TV series *Game of Thrones* (as the House of Tully). Discover its extensive grounds with four distinct walking trails, offering glimpses of local wildlife, including red deer and longhorn cattle.
Lurgaboy Adventure Centre Ziplining
Experience an adrenaline rush on one of Ireland's longest zip lines at Lurgaboy Adventure Centre. Soar through the air and take in the stunning scenery. Combine your ziplining adventure with other thrilling activities like coasteering, mountain biking, archery, and rock climbing.
The Argory Historic House and Parkland
Step into the elegant world of a 19th-century gentry house at The Argory. This stunning National Trust property, nestled in beautiful parkland, showcases original furnishings and is remarkably illuminated by acetylene gas lighting. Explore the expansive woodland and uncover the lives of Armagh's wealthy elite. Also known as Argory House.
Ardress House
Visit Ardress House, a charming 17th-century farmhouse transformed into a Neoclassical manor during the Georgian era. Explore the elegant interiors, featuring intricate plasterwork and an impressive art collection, and wander through the surrounding wooded grounds, complete with a working farmyard and smithy.
Armagh County Museum
Delve into Armagh's captivating past at Ireland's oldest county museum. Explore diverse exhibits showcasing local artefacts, military uniforms, natural history specimens, and even an art gallery featuring works by Irish poet George Russell. Discover the stories of the people who shaped this historic region.
Guided Orchard Tour at Long Meadow Farm
Immerse yourself in the heart of Armagh's apple-growing tradition with a guided tour of Long Meadow Farm's orchards. Learn about the cider-making process from blossom to bottle and sample their award-winning ciders, accompanied by traditional apple tart.
Blue Bell Lane Glamping Experience
Escape to the tranquility of Blue Bell Lane Glamping, nestled in an area of outstanding natural beauty. Unwind in pre-pitched tipi tents and soak in breathtaking views of the Ring of Gullion – a perfect getaway for nature lovers.
F.E. McWilliam Gallery and Studio Visit
Immerse yourself in the world of modern and contemporary art at the F.E. McWilliam Gallery and Studio, dedicated to the renowned sculptor Frederick Edward McWilliam. Explore his permanent collection alongside rotating exhibits of local and international artists.
Kayaking on Craigavon Lakes
Embrace the tranquility of Craigavon Lakes with a kayaking or paddleboarding adventure. Explore the scenic waterways at your own pace, surrounded by the peaceful beauty of the natural environment.
Bog Snorkelling in Lough Neagh's Surroundings
Experience a unique adventure with bog snorkelling in the woodlands, bogs, and orchards surrounding Lough Neagh (summer activity). Discover a hidden world of flora and fauna from a truly distinctive perspective.
St Patrick's Trail Hike
Follow in the footsteps of St. Patrick on a scenic trail from Armagh to Downpatrick, passing the impressive Slemish Mountain. Discover historic landmarks and breathtaking views while learning about the life and legacy of Ireland's patron saint.
Armagh Riverside Walking Trail
Escape the city bustle with a peaceful stroll along the Armagh Riverside Walking Trail. Follow the gentle flow of the Callan River and immerse yourself in the serene atmosphere and picturesque views.
Exploring Clare Glen Trail
Discover the ancient beauty of Clare Glen, following the river through a tranquil woodland teeming with plant and animal life. This scenic trail offers a perfect escape into nature.
Exploring Gosford Forest Park
Immerse yourself in the diverse landscapes of Gosford Forest Park, with its extensive network of trails winding through woodlands and open fields. Perfect for walkers, cyclists, and nature enthusiasts, the park offers abundant opportunities to spot local wildlife.
Peatlands Park
Explore the diverse landscapes of Peatlands Park, featuring woodlands, bogs, and lakes. Discover the region's natural beauty along well-marked trails and boardwalks, perfect for birdwatching and nature exploration.
Gosford Forest Park Cycle Route
Embark on a 12 km cycling adventure through the scenic trails of Gosford Forest Park. This route caters to all skill levels, offering a mix of challenging and picturesque sections.
Scarva to Mournes Gravel Bike Route
Experience a two-day cycling journey through County Armagh's picturesque countryside on this gravel bike route from Scarva to Meelmore Lodge in the Mournes.
Lough Neagh Water Activities
Enjoy a variety of water sports on Lough Neagh, the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles. From kayaking and sailing to fishing, the vast waters and serene surroundings offer endless opportunities for outdoor adventure.
Play Golf at County Armagh Golf Club
Tee off amidst the rolling hills and lush landscapes of County Armagh Golf Club. This well-manicured and challenging course offers a serene atmosphere for golfers of all skill levels.
St Patrick's Trian Heritage Centre
Explore Armagh's rich history as a center of religion and learning at St. Patrick's Trian. Interactive displays highlight the city's significance, with a dedicated children's section inspired by *Gulliver's Travels*.
Palace Stables Heritage Centre Tour
Journey back to the 18th century at the Palace Stables Heritage Centre, located within the Palace Demesne. Explore life-sized models depicting an Archbishop's party and discover the reconstructed tunnel that once connected the palace to its kitchen.
Royal Irish Fusiliers Museum Exhibition
Explore the proud history of the Royal Irish Fusiliers regiment through an extensive collection of military artifacts, including historic weapons, uniforms, and medals.
Armagh Shambles Market
Experience the vibrant atmosphere of Armagh Shambles Market (Tuesdays and Fridays), browsing a wide array of stalls offering clothing and other unique finds.
Exploring Lough Neagh and Craigavon Lakes
Discover the natural beauty of Lough Neagh's southern shores and the surrounding Craigavon Lakes. Explore water sports, fishing opportunities, and the diverse birdlife. Visit the Lough Neagh Discovery Centre to delve deeper into the region's history and wildlife.
Exploring Benburb Valley Park
Discover the scenic beauty and rich history of Benburb Valley Park, home to the salmon-rich Blackwater River and a restored 17th-century castle with a heritage centre.
Orange Order Museum
Explore the history of the Orange Order through a collection of artifacts, including vintage sashes, weapons, and banners, housed in a former pub near Diamond Hill.
Self-Guided Armagh City Historical Walk
Discover the historic landmarks and hidden gems of Armagh city at your own pace with a self-guided walking tour, uncovering the city's rich cultural heritage.
Armagh City Historical Tour
Join a guided tour to explore Armagh City, a significant ecclesiastical center in Ireland, famed for its stunning cathedrals and historical sites, including the burial ground of Brian Boru, the last High King of all Ireland.
Exploring Ireland's Fruitful Orchard Region
Visit the northeast of County Armagh which is famed for strawberries and apples.
Hike to Macha's Height
Embark on a hike to this forest hill, the legendary final resting place of the Celtic goddess Macha, and enjoy stunning views of the surrounding landscape.
Exploring Ancient Burial Chambers and Christian Heritage
Explore ancient burial chambers dating back over 5,000 years, alongside early Christian sites, and learn about the historical figure Lord Mountjoy and his pursuit of Hugh O'Neill, set against a backdrop of mountains and lakes.
Slieve Gullion Mountain Guided Hike
Join a guided hike up the western slopes of Slieve Gullion, following unused forestry tracks and discovering the area's rich history, heritage, and diverse flora and fauna.
Hag's Chair Ancient Burial Ground
Visit the Hag's Chair, a significant Neolithic burial site (4000-2500 BC) featuring a large capstone and octagonal chamber.
Wild Food Guided Tour with Mountain Ways Ireland
Learn about the world of wild food with Brian from Mountain Ways Ireland, exploring local flora and fauna with a knowledgeable guide steeped in traditional folklore.
Explore Slieve Gullion by Bike
Discover the stunning mountain scenery of Slieve Gullion with a bike hire (electric and standard bikes available), offering self-guided tours for an unforgettable cycling experience.
Newry Canal Towpath Walk
Enjoy a scenic walk along the historic Newry Canal Towpath, taking in stunning views of the countryside and encountering local flora and fauna.
Ancient Neolithic Tomb
Explore a remarkably preserved Neolithic tomb with three distinct chambers, offering a glimpse into the lives of people who lived between 4000 and 2500 BC.
Ladies Mile Circular Woodland Walk
Enjoy a scenic and relatively flat circular walk through a stunning woodland area, suitable for most walkers.
Milford House Historic Home
Explore the historic home of the McCrum family, notable figures in business and sports, with a story that includes mass kidnappings and correspondence with historical figures like Stalin.
Discover Your Armagh Roots
Trace your family history with a genealogical service specializing in Armagh ancestry, offering a thorough and affordable way to uncover your roots.
Lowry's Lake Fishing
Test your angling skills at Lowry's Lake, a regularly stocked fishing spot known for its savvy trout.
Historic Portadown Walking Tour
Discover the rich history and cultural heritage of Portadown on a guided walking tour, exploring its past as a once-thriving market town.
Two Stacks Irish Whiskey Distillery Tour
Delve into the history of Irish whiskey blending and bonding, learning about Two Stacks' unique approach and exploring exclusive areas where rare casks are stored.
Guided Historical Tour of Armagh
Join a knowledgeable local guide to explore the rich history of Armagh, uncovering its significant landmarks and hidden gems (established in 2000).
People's Park in Portadown
Enjoy a family day out at People's Park in Portadown, offering a range of attractions, activities, and scenic surroundings for all ages.
Explore Tannaghmore Farm and Gardens
Visit Tannaghmore Farm, a family-friendly destination with various trails (Irish gate, tree, and sculpture), rare animal breeds, and a barn museum showcasing farming history.
Getting There
By Car:
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From Belfast: Take the M1 motorway southbound towards Dublin, exit at junction 11 for Craigavon/Portadown/Armagh. Follow the M12 and A3 roads to reach Armagh city center, approximately a 50-minute journey covering 40 miles.
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From Dublin: Take the M1 North bound (Toll Road) and exit at the A28 toward Newry/Armagh/Craigavon. Drive for 16 miles to reach Armagh, a journey that takes around 1 hour and 30 minutes, covering a distance of 83 miles.
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From Derry/Londonderry: Head southwest on Bonds St toward Glendermott Rd/A6 and follow the A6 and A29 roads to reach Armagh. The journey takes approximately 1 hour and 38 minutes, covering a distance of 69 miles.
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From Enniskillen: Take the Dublin Rd/A4 and follow the A4 and A5 roads to reach Armagh. The journey takes around 1 hour and 11 minutes, covering a distance of 50 miles.
Parking in Armagh:
There are ample parking spaces available in and around the city center. You can park your vehicle in one of the many car parks or on-street parking bays. Be sure to check the parking signs for any time restrictions or fees.
By Public Transport:
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Bus Services: Translink operates bus services from Northern Ireland, while Bus Éireann operates from the Republic of Ireland. Regular bus services connect Armagh with major cities such as Belfast and Dublin.
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Train Services: The Flagship Enterprise train service runs between Dublin Connolly Station and Belfast Central Station, stopping at Newry and Portadown Railway Stations.
By Air:
The nearest airports are Belfast International Airport and Belfast City George Best Airport, which offer direct flights from many worldwide destinations. Dublin International Airport is also a convenient option, located about 1 hour and 30 minutes from Armagh.
Local Transportation Options:
Once you arrive in Armagh, you can use local transportation options such as buses or taxis to get around the city. Translink operates bus services within Armagh, and you can use smartcards or mobile tickets to pay for your journey. The city is also compact and easily explored on foot, allowing you to appreciate the local architecture and historical sites.
Events & Festivals 2025
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History
The history of Armagh dates back to ancient times, with the area being a significant site for Celtic paganism and later becoming a hub for Christianity. The city's edge is home to Navan Fort, also known as Eamhain Mhacha, an ancient pagan ritual site believed to have been the capital of Ulster until its abandonment in the 1st century. This historic site was named after the goddess Macha, and as the settlement grew, it too was named after her - Ard Mhacha, meaning "Macha's height", which eventually became Armagh.
In the 4th century, the Three Collas invaded, marking a significant shift in power dynamics. The Clan Colla then ruled over Airghialla or Oriel for nearly eight centuries. This era saw the rise of influential Irish clans such as the O'Hanlons and Mac Cana, and later, the Uí Néill dynasty. The Ulaid, a mighty kingdom, also played a crucial role in shaping Armagh's early history, with their territory stretching as far as the Rivers Shannon and Boyne.
The arrival of Christianity in Ireland in the mid-400s marked a significant turning point for Armagh, as Saint Patrick established his principal church there, earning the city its reputation as the island's "ecclesiastical capital". Saint Patrick's influence extended beyond spirituality, as he decreed that only those educated in Armagh could spread the gospel, cementing the city's importance in Ireland's Christian heritage. The Annals of the Four Masters record that in 457, Saint Patrick's church was a thriving center of learning and faith.
By the 5th-9th centuries, Armagh was at the forefront of Western scholarship, attracting scholars and thinkers from far and wide. The district's importance was further cemented by its role as a major ecclesiastical centre, with many notable clerics and theologians calling Armagh home. One such figure was St. Patrick himself, who played a pivotal role in shaping the area's spiritual landscape.
The 16th century saw significant change in Armagh, as English Protestant forces took control of the district. This led to a period of prosperity for the local Protestant clergy and gentry, who built many impressive Georgian monuments and buildings that still stand today. The legacy of this era can be seen in the district's architecture, with numerous historic buildings bearing testament to Armagh's rich cultural heritage.
The southern part of the district, bordering the Republic of Ireland, was unfortunately marked by sectarian violence during the late 20th century. However, despite this turbulent period, Armagh has emerged as a vibrant and welcoming destination, proud of its complex history and eager to share its stories with visitors. Today, tourists can explore the district's many historical landmarks, including the stunning Georgian architecture and ancient ecclesiastical sites, to gain a deeper understanding of Armagh's fascinating past.
Armagh is also unique in being home to two cathedrals, both dedicated to Saint Patrick and situated on hills overlooking the city. The Church of Ireland cathedral dates back to around 445, while the Roman Catholic cathedral, constructed in the late 1800s, boasts impressive twin 64m spires, making it the tallest structure of its kind in the county. The Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, founded in 1790 and 1968 respectively, continue to advance our understanding of the universe, while the palace of the Archbishop of Armagh, now the local council offices, offers a glimpse into the city's storied past.
Throughout Armagh's countryside, visitors can discover remnants of the county's complex past, from the tranquil shores of Lough Neagh to the rugged peak of Slieve Gullion. The Tassagh railway viaduct, a testament to the region's industrial heritage, stands as a reminder of Armagh's enduring spirit and resilience. As a result of its storied history, Armagh has evolved into a place where visitors can explore a rich tapestry of historical sites, cultural attractions, and natural beauty, making it a unique and captivating destination in Ireland.
The county is also home to a plethora of notable figures, including singer Tommy Makem, inventor William McCrum, and poet Paul Muldoon. These individuals have contributed significantly to Armagh's cultural heritage, leaving behind a lasting impact on the region's identity. For instance, William McCrum's invention of the penalty kick in soccer has become an integral part of the sport, while Paul Muldoon's poetry continues to inspire and influence writers around the world.
Today, visitors can still experience the weight of history in Armagh, from the ancient earthworks to the stunning architecture, each telling a unique story about this captivating region. With its rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking landscapes, Armagh is a destination that has something to offer for everyone, making it an unmissable stop on any tour of Ireland. The city's historic center, with its charming streets and picturesque buildings, offers a glimpse into Armagh's prosperous past, while the nearby Navan fort, an ancient hill fort of Ulster's High Kings, stands as a testament to the region's enduring legacy.
The people of Armagh have a distinct heritage, with surnames like McCann, Quinn, Murphy, Donnelly, O'Hare, and Campbell reflecting the region's complex history and cultural identity. These families have shaped the county's story over the centuries, contributing to its distinctive character and sense of community. As visitors explore Armagh, they can uncover the fascinating stories and historical events that have forged this captivating region into what it is today.
In 1973, the county underwent a significant administrative reorganization, resulting in the creation of the district of Armagh, as well as portions of Craigavon and Newry and Mourne districts. This change marked a new chapter in Armagh's history, one that has seen the city continue to evolve and thrive while remaining deeply rooted in its storied past.
Armagh invites travelers to delve into its past and discover how ancient traditions and modern advancements coexist harmoniously, offering a glimpse into Ireland's enduring spirit. From the ancient myths of Macha to the modern-day cultural attractions, Armagh's unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty makes it a truly unforgettable destination.